- PVH Corp (known as Phillips-Van Heusen), an American manufacturer of affordable shirts produced in factories in 40 countries, owns the
Tommy Hilfiger and Calvin Klein,
Van Heusen, IZOD,
ARROW, Speedo,
Warner's and Olga brands;
it also made Trump dress shirts, tuxedo shirts and neckwear until 2/2016.
- Calvin Klein is seldom involved in the design and the development of products bearing his name and all activities are subcontracted to licensees.
While Calvin Klein the designer was deeply involved in the brand’s early creative direction, especially in the 1970s and ’80s, he stepped back after selling the company to PVH Corp. in 2003. Since then, the brand has operated under a hybrid
model: some product lines are developed in-house, while many others are licensed out to third-party companies who handle everything from design to distribution.
- G-III Apparel Group has long held licenses for Calvin Klein’s women’s apparel in North America, though PVH has begun transitioning some of those categories back in-house as part of a broader strategic shift. This licensing
model allows Calvin Klein to maintain a global presence across categories like underwear, fragrances, jeans, and accessories—without directly managing every product line. It’s a common approach for fashion brands that want to scale
while preserving brand identity.
- For 214 years until 2012, it was illegal in Paris, France,
for women to wear any form of men's wear (e.g.; trouser). A law dating back to November 1800 required women in Paris to obtain police permission if they wanted to “dress like a man” and wear trousers. Though widely ignored for decades,
it technically remained on the books until 2013, when it was finally repealed by France’s Minister for Women’s Rights, Najat Vallaud-Belkacem. The law was originally intended to restrict women’s access to certain professions and
public spaces by controlling how they dressed. It was amended in 1892 and 1909 to allow trousers only if a woman was holding the reins of a horse or the handlebars of a bicycle.
- In 9/2013 the French Senate voted to
ban beauty pageants for children under 16 and to impose up to two years in prison and steep fines
of up to $30,000 euros for adults who try to enter children into illegal pageants or run illegal/underground pageants themselves.
- Today’s bridal fashion scene is a dazzling celebration of individuality. Whether it’s a sleek, architectural sheath in ivory silk, a lace-laden vintage dream from the ’30s, or a bold black ballgown dripping with drama,
there are no longer rules—just possibilities. Even nontraditional choices like bridal jumpsuits, suits, capes, and colorful ensembles are getting their moment in the spotlight. It’s less about tradition and more about
telling your story. Some couples marry barefoot on a beach; others in a cathedral with couture and a gospel choir. Either way, the outfit matches the mood—and the magic.
- During the 1980s, it was the decade of go big or go home, and bridal fashion was no exception. Princess Diana’s 1981 wedding dress practically rewrote the rules: puffed sleeves, a 25-foot train, voluminous skirts,
and an almost fairy-tale presence. Designed by David and Elizabeth Emanuel, it was romantic, extravagant, and packed with symbolism—down to the antique lace from Queen Mary’s own gown. Her look sparked a worldwide
trend—satin, lace, and embellishments galore. Brides everywhere channeled their inner royalty, with cascading veils, dramatic bows, and enough tulle to fill a ballroom. It wasn’t just a dress—it was a statement.
- During the 1940s, wartime scarcity shaped bridal fashion in profound ways, fabric rationing meant brides had to get creative. Many wore tailored suits instead of traditional gowns, often repurposed from what they already
owned or borrowed. Simpler cuts, shorter hemlines, and minimal embellishments weren’t just chic—they were a necessity. Some brides even wore uniforms or opted for their “Sunday best” to marry quickly before a deployment.
It was a time when sentiment triumphed over spectacle, and love marched ahead no matter the circumstances.
- During the 1920s, the wedding flapper dress broke all the fashion rules of the time—with dazzling beadwork, loose silhouettes, and those rebellious shorter hemlines that gave women freedom to move, dance,
and quite literally kick up their heels. These dresses weren’t just about style—they were a bold statement of liberation during a period of massive cultural shift. Fabrics were often lightweight chiffons or silks, and intricate
hand-beading created a sparkling effect under the lights of a jazz club. Paired with bobbed hair, feathered headbands, and attitude to spare, flapper fashion was as much about defying expectations as it was about elegance.
- Since the 20th century wedding fashion has evolved rapidly. In many Eastern cultures, red remains the traditional bridal color, symbolizing luck and prosperity.
- 1920s: Flapper-inspired dresses with beading and shorter hemlines.
- 1940s: Wartime weddings led to simpler, practical dresses—often suits.
- 1980s: Think Princess Diana—big sleeves, dramatic trains, and opulence.
- Today: Anything goes—minimalist, vintage, jumpsuits, even black gowns. Cultural and personal expression reign supreme.
- In ancient civilizations like Egypt, Greece, and Rome, weddings were more about alliances than romance. Brides often wore garments that reflected their social class—like long tunics or robes—and adorned
themselves with symbolic colors. Roman brides, for instance, wore flame-colored veils to represent warmth and light.
- During the Middle Ages, weddings were political and economic unions. Brides from wealthy families wore luxurious fabrics like velvet, silk, and fur in rich colors to display their family’s wealth. White was
not the norm—blue, symbolizing purity, was actually more common.
- The white wedding dress didn’t become popular until Queen Victoria wore one in 1840. Her choice of white silk satin sparked a trend that redefined bridal fashion in the Western world, associating white
with purity and elegance.
- As of 2025, China continues to be the backbone of global apparel production. Among U.S. fashion companies, the typical sourcing mix in 2025 still leans heavily on China for clothing—30–50% from China, 11–30% from Vietnam,
and the remainder from countries like Bangladesh, India, and Indonesia.
- The tuxedo, known for its satin or grosgrain lapels, black bow tie, and matching trousers, became one of formal evening wear,
often seen at weddings, galas, and other special occasions. The tuxedo, also known as a dinner jacket introduced by Prince Edward VII (later King Edward VII) of England, evolved from the "smoking jacket" of the 19th century,
and gained popularity in the United States in the late 1880s. Some iconic tuxedos that have stood out over the years for their elegance and design.
- Midnight Blue Tuxedo: This tuxedo, popularized by James Bond, adds a touch of modernity while remaining classic.
- White Dinner Jacket: This tuxedo, made famous by Humphrey Bogart in "Casablanca," is perfect for warm climates and offers a striking contrast with black trousers.
- Velvet Tuxedo: This tuxedo, which was often worn by person who makes a statement, is a velvet tuxedo that offers texture and richness, often seen in deep colors like burgundy or emerald green.
- Classic Black Tuxedo: This is most popular tuxedo; its sleek lines and satin lapels make it a favorite for formal events.
- A pair of Diamond-Encrusted jeans made by Secret Circus company were adorned with flashy diamonds, making them a true luxury item
with a staggering price tag of over $1 million; the company did not reveal the identity of the customer who purchased the jeans.
- Jeans come in various styles, each with its unique cut and fit, some popular types include:
- Cowboy Jeans: Durable and rugged.
- Ripped and Repaired Jeans: Distressed with patches.
- Slim Fit Jeans: Snug around thighs and butt.
- Wide-leg Jeans: These have a wide cut leg from top to bottom.
- Low Rise Jeans: Short rise and low waist.
- High Rise Jeans: Extra rise in the seat.
- Flared Cut Jeans: Wide at the bottom.
- Mom jeans: High butt and loose front characterize these.
- Boyfriend Jeans: Loose and comfortable.
- Bootcut Jeans: Accommodate boots.
- Distressed Jeans: Worn look with rips.
- Stonewashed Jeans: Faded look with chemicals.
- Cuffed Jeans: Rolled up cuffs on the hem.
- Tapered Fit Jeans: Relaxed around the thigh and butt but tapered towards the ankle.
- Straight Leg Jeans: Classic and conservative, they maintain a straight fit.
- Levi Strauss patented jeans made from denim in the 1870s for miners, sailors and other working-class people since the material was cheap; today around 450 million pairs of jeans have been sold in America
annually and each American owns an average of 7 pairs of jeans.
- Burberry was founded by 21-year old Thomas Burberry, who invented
gabardine - the breathable, weatherproof and hardwearing fabric - in 1856. He was a former draper’s apprentice with a vision to create outerwear that could
withstand the famously fickle British weather. Thomas Burberry's breakthrough came in 1879 with the invention of gabardine, a tightly woven, water-resistant yet breathable fabric made from Egyptian cotton. It was revolutionary
at the time—lightweight, durable, and far more comfortable than the heavy rubberized rainwear people had been using. Gabardine was patented in 1888, and it quickly became the fabric of choice for explorers, aviators, and military
officers alike. Burberry’s legacy of innovation didn’t stop there. The brand’s trench coat, developed during World War I, was built on the gabardine foundation and became an enduring icon of British fashion.
- Many stores create an "illusion" of deep discount by using their deceptive sales practices with tags containing made-up “Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price”, "MSPR" or "List Price", and offer to sell the products at "our price",
which is a much lower price, to fool shoppers into believing they were getting big bargains. In June 2016, Michael Kors Holdings
agreed to pay at least $4.88 million and change its sales practices to settle a class action
lawsuit claiming it used deceptive tags.Another class-action lawsuit that accuses
JCPenney's use of deceptive discount practices also recently received the go-ahead from a federal judge in the U.S.
- Astronauts don’t do laundry during their space trip, they just throw their underwear out of the ship and let it burn up on its way back to the Earth.
In space, clean laundry just isn’t part of the plan. Since there's no washing machine on the International Space Station, astronauts wear their clothes for as long as reasonably possible—especially undergarments and workout gear—and then
dispose of them. Used clothing gets packed into trash capsules like the Cygnus or Progress resupply vehicles. Once these capsules are full of waste—including food wrappers, hygiene products, and yes, worn underwear—they’re released and
sent hurtling back toward Earth, where they burn up harmlessly in the atmosphere, like a cosmic incinerator.
- The average American household spends about 3.8 percent of their income on clothing or around $2,000 per year,
per household. In 2023, for example, households spent around $655 on women’s apparel, $406 on men’s, and smaller amounts on children’s clothing. Footwear added another few hundred dollars to the total. Of course, these numbers vary
by household size, income level, and shopping habits—some folks are all about fast fashion, while others invest in fewer, higher-quality pieces.
- The average clothing cost per month for each American is approximately $67.00 though this can vary significantly
depending on income, lifestyle, and family size. For example, families with children or fashion-forward individuals might spend more, while minimalists or thrift-shop aficionados could spend less.
- The average waist circumference for adults in the U.S. is about 38.7 inches for women and 40.5 inches for men.
These numbers have gradually increased over the past few decades, reflecting broader trends in body composition and lifestyle. Waist size is more than just a clothing measurement—it’s also a key indicator of health, particularly
when it comes to risks for heart disease and type 2 diabetes.
- 81 million American women - 50% of the female adult population - wear clothing in sizes 14 or above. This statistic speaks volumes about how the fashion industry’s “standard” sizing has long been out of step with reality.
- Some 87 million American women - 67% of the female adult population - wear a size 14 or larger. The average American woman wears a size 16 to 18.
- Over 50% of the consumer population is not satisfied with the fit of off-the-rack clothes.
- The top five textile exporters in 2024 (based on 2022 export values, which are the latest available) were China ($303 billion), Bangladesh ($57.7 billion), Vietnam ($48.8 billion), India ($41.1 billion),
and Germany ($40 billion). Notably, Italy, which was in the top five in 2013, has been edged out by Vietnam and Bangladesh. Bangladesh’s rise is especially striking—it more than doubled its 2013 export value.
Meanwhile, China continues to dominate by a wide margin, accounting for over 32% of global textile exports. In 2013 top five exporters of textiles were China ($274B), India ($40B), Italy ($36B), Germany ($35B) and Bangladesh ($28B).
- The first fashion designer was Charles Frederick Worth (1825 - 1895), who is often hailed as the father
of haute couture and widely recognized as the first true fashion designer in the modern sense. Before Worth, clothing was typically commissioned from anonymous dressmakers or tailors. His designs defined fashion during
the mid-to-late 19th century and laid the foundation for today's designer-led labels. He transformed fashion into an industry of creativity, exclusivity, and innovation.
- Alexander Wang, a Taiwanese-American born in San Francisco in 1983, is the rising clothing fashion star who built
a global multimillion-dollar business at 28 in less than a decade. He is a standout figure in contemporary fashion, known for his edgy, urban aesthetic and meteoric rise in the industry. Wang debuted his first full
women’s ready-to-wear collection in 2007, and he won the prestigious CFDA/Vogue Fashion Fund Award in 2008, which catapulted his brand into the global spotlight. His designs—often minimalist, monochromatic,
and streetwear-inspired—quickly gained a cult following among fashion insiders and celebrities alike. He served as creative director at Balenciaga from 2012 to 2015, further cementing his influence in high fashion.
Today, his brand includes womenswear, menswear, accessories, and footwear, and is stocked in hundreds of stores worldwide.
- In the U.S. you pay around 9 times what an item costs to make in China, Bangladesh, and Vietnam. For example, when you buy a hooded sweatshirt, most of your money is going to the retailer, the brand, and the various buyers that shuttle
the garment between the two. The item itself costs very little to make - a $50 hoodie at the Gap likely costs about $6 or $7 to produce at an Asian manufacturing facility. This practice isn’t unique to fashion—it’s common across many
consumer goods.
- A 1.2-mile-long wedding-gown train, 200.8 meter-long dress was made in China in 2007. A world-record-busting
1.85-mile-long wedding-gown train was recorded in Romania on March 20, 2012;
it was certified as the longest bridal train in history by the Guinness World Records in 2013. That Romanian bridal train was truly a showstopper—but it’s since been dethroned! The current Guinness World Record
for the longest wedding dress train belongs to Dynamic Projects in Caudry, France, who created
a train measuring a staggering 8,095.40 meters (that’s over 5 miles long) on December 9, 2017
- The Marilyn Monroe's 'Subway' dress sold for
$4.6 million at Debbie Reynolds auction in June 2011. Another dress that she wore at JFK’s birthday at
Madison Square Garden in 1962 was also sold about $1.26 million at a Christie’s auction in 1999.
- When the former First Lady of the Philippines Imelda Marcos and her husband,
Ferdinand Marcos, were kicked out of their palace and exiled in 1986, she left behind staggering amounts of personal belongings,
clothes and art objects at the palace, including 2,700 pairs of pumps, stilettos and sling backs.
Almost 2,000 of these shoes were partly destroyed
by termites and floods after lying in storage in the Philippines for 26 years since she exiled; 765 pairs of Marcos' shoes remain undamaged in Marikina's shoe museum.
- In 1571, in England during Queen Elizabeth I's rule, a law was created that mandated that anyone over the age of seven must wear a hat on Sundays.
- Americans spent about $2.5 billion each year on Halloween costumes.
- Ten handbag's brands that most women like to have are
Coach,
Louis Vuitton,
Gucci, Dooney & Bourke,
Prada, Kate Spade,
Burberry, Fendi,
Channel, and
Ralph Lauren.
-
The most expensive clothing brands are
Gucci,
Channel,
Prada,
Armani,
Marc Jacobs,
Dior,
Guess,
Fendi,
Versace, and
Valentino.
These luxury labels have built empires on craftsmanship, brand heritage, and aspirational allure. Below is a quick snapshot of why they’re considered the crème de la crème
- Gucci: Italian boldness meets reinvention; from horsebit loafers to maximalist runway looks.
- Chanel: Timeless French elegance—think tweed suits, quilted handbags, and the little black dress.
- Prada: Where intellectual fashion and utilitarian chic meet minimalism.
- Armani: Master of tailored power suits and understated luxury.
- Marc Jacobs: Quirky, trend-setting American style with an avant-garde twist.
- Dior: Synonymous with femininity and haute couture since the New Look in 1947.
- Guess: Though more accessible, it's known for glamorous denim and eye-catching campaigns.
- Fendi: Luxe Roman flair—especially famous for its fur craftsmanship and the Baguette bag.
- Versace: Daring, sensual, and baroque—instantly recognizable by its Medusa logo.
- Valentino: Romantic, red-carpet-ready pieces with a signature crimson hue ("Valentino red").
- Old Navy got its name from Mickey Drexler, then-CEO of Gap Inc.. While in Paris, France in 1994, Drexler spotted a bar called Old Navy Cafe and
thought the name had a strong, memorable ring to it. At the time, Gap was developing a new, more affordable retail concept, and Drexler pitched “Old Navy” as the brand name after this visit.
- The dress Marilyn Monroe wore in a subway-grate scene in the movie "The Seven Year Itch" (1955) was sold $4.6 million at an auction
in May 2011 from Debbie Reynolds’ legendary costume collection. With auction fees, the total came to about $5.6 million. Designed by William Travilla, the dress wasn’t just a costume—it became a symbol
of Monroe’s enduring allure and Hollywood glamour. The scene itself was so provocative for its time that it drew a massive crowd during filming and caused quite a stir in 1950s America.
- The most expensive shirt, which is valued at $45,000, was made by Swedish shirt-making company Eton in celebration of its 80th anniversary; its studs and cufflinks are encrusted with diamonds.
It’s less of a shirt and more of a wearable crown jewel. That’s not just fashion—it’s opulence stitched in cotton.
- The most expensive necktie, which was made of pure silk with a decoration of 150 grams of gold and 271 diamonds weighing 77 carats, was purchased by Bollywood film star Salman Khan in 2003 for $220,000.
It’s less of a fashion accessory and more of a wearable treasure chest.
- The most expensive jean was a 501 jean made in the US in 1880s and purchased by a Japanese collector for $60,000 in 2005. It had been discovered in an abandoned silver mine in California’s Mojave Desert, remarkably preserved.
This pair featured all the iconic Levi’s details: copper rivets, a button fly, the two-horse leather patch, and even the Arcuate stitching on the back pocket. It’s believed to be one of only a few surviving pre-1900 Levi’s jeans
still intact—and even wearable. It’s a testament to how denim isn’t just fashion—it’s history stitched into fabric.
- Reasons men should not tuck in a shirt? While there’s no hard-and-fast rule, there are definitely style, comfort,
and context-based reasons why not tucking a shirt can be the smarter move.
- Casual Vibes – Untucked shirts signal relaxation. Perfect for weekends, casual dates, or creative workspaces where looking overly polished might feel out of place.
- Body Proportion – Tucking can visually shorten the torso or highlight the midsection in a way that some men might prefer to avoid. Leaving a shirt untucked often creates a more balanced silhouette.
- Shirt Design – Some shirts are literally made to be untucked. Look for shorter hems with even tails—tucking those in looks awkward and forced.
- Comfort Factor – No one enjoys re-tucking their shirt every time they move, sit, or breathe. Going untucked can mean fewer wardrobe malfunctions and more breathing room.
- Fashion-forward Look – An untucked button-down or tee, styled intentionally, can look contemporary and cool—especially when paired with the right jeans or chinos.
- The cheongsam (known as a "qi pao" in Mandarin) is a tight form-fitting Chinese dress with thigh-high slits and a high-collar. Traditionally a dress worn by
Manchu women, it received some international exposure in the Suzie Wong film. The slit is supposed to rise no higher than mid thigh.
- New clothes should be washed before children wear them, especially if the clothing will be in direct contact with the skin.
- Clothes that are dry cleaned will last longer. Dry cleaning can extend the life of certain garments, especially those made with delicate fabrics like silk, wool, or structured materials that don’t fare well in a washing machine.
- Fashion Week is not only dictating
clothing trends, but it is also about the latest in accessories that include
shoes,
bags,
jewelry,
hats and
make-up. Fashion Week isn’t just about what you wear—it’s about how you wear it, down to the last detail.
- About 40 Fashion Weeks are held in different cities around the world every year, and the most biggest and prestigious ones are held in
New York,
London,
Milan and
Paris.
Those four are the crown jewels of the fashion calendar, often referred to as the "Big Four" Fashion Weeks. Beyond these, cities like Tokyo, Copenhagen, Seoul, São Paulo, and Mumbai have carved out their own space
with local culture-infused creativity. Each adds a fresh voice to fashion’s global dialogue.
- Each of the Big Four is known for championing different styles – New York for sportswear; London for edgy, avant-garde design; Milan for its over-the-top yet stylish looks; and Paris for haute couture.
- New York Fashion Week is the oldest one, having been inaugurated in 1943 by fashion publicist Elenor Lamber, who
launched what was then called “Press Week” to shine a spotlight on American designers at a time when access to Paris fashion was cut off by World War II. It was a brilliant pivot that not only gave U.S. designers their
own stage but also shifted the center of fashion influence westward.
- The first fashion magazine was originated in 1586 in Frankfurt, Germany. The earliest known fashion publication is widely believed
to be “Gynaeceum, sive Theatrum Mulierum”, published by Swiss artist Jost Amman. It featured engraved illustrations of women’s clothing from various European regions, making it a visual catalog
of contemporary styles. While it wasn’t a magazine in the modern sense—with articles and editorials—it laid the groundwork for what would become fashion journalism. Later, in 1672, France introduced Mercure Galant,
which more closely resembled today’s fashion magazines by combining fashion commentary with cultural reporting.
- New York City’s fashion industry employs over 175,000 people employed across design, manufacturing, retail, marketing, and more,
and generates $10 billion in total wages; the city has earned its reputation as one of the world’s great fashion capitals.
- Several fashion brands are making serious strides in size inclusivity, offering stylish, well-fitting clothing for a wide range of body types. Below are some standout leaders. These brands aren’t just expanding
size charts—they’re rethinking fit, representation, and accessibility from the ground up.
- Universal Standard: A true trailblazer, offering sizes 00–40 across all categories. Their Fit Liberty program even lets you exchange items for a different size within a year—no questions asked.
- Good American: Co-founded by Khloé Kardashian, this brand offers sizes 00–32 Plus and showcases every item on models of different sizes.
- Girlfriend Collective: Known for sustainable activewear, they offer sizes XXS–6XL and use recycled materials like plastic bottles.
- ModCloth: Offers whimsical, vintage-inspired styles in sizes XS–4X, including both new and pre-loved pieces.
- ASOS Curve: A pioneer in affordable, on-trend fashion with sizes up to 3X (US 26) and a dedicated plus-size section.
- Fabletics: Offers activewear in sizes XXS–6X and even launched a shapewear line with Lizzo called Yitty.
- The Standard Stitch: A sustainable loungewear brand with sizes XS–5XL, focused on ethical production and comfort.
- Jamie + The Jones: Nashville-based and handmade, offering sizes XS–4XL with a focus on timeless silhouettes.
- Altar: A boutique brand offering sizes S–6XL, with a strong emphasis on ethical production and alternative fashion.
- The Universal Standard brand is known for elevated essentials in sizes 00–40 and brings fashion unique to the clothing market, including denim - Seine skinny jeans, wide-leg crops, and high-rise styles;
dresses - from breezy linen maxis to structured shirt dresses; workwear - ponte trousers, blazers, and button-ups; loungewear - soft tees, joggers, and leggings; and outerwear - trench coats, parkas, and wool jackets.
- The Good American brand is known for elevated essentials in sizes 00–32 Plus, with a focus on curve-hugging fits, and brings fashion unique to the clothing market, including denim - iconic good waist jeans, crossover styles, and flare cuts;
activewear - leggings, sports bras, and bodysuits; swimwear - one-pieces and bikinis with inclusive sizing; shapewear - seamless, sculpting pieces; and dresses & tops - trendy, body-positive silhouettes.
- The Girlfriend Collective brand is known for sustainable activewear in sizes XXS–6XL, and brings fashion unique to the clothing market, including leggings & shorts - made from recycled water bottles;
sports bras - Paloma, Dylan, and Tommy styles; dresses & unitards - built-in support and breathable fabrics; loungewear - joggers, tanks, and tees; and its accessories - scrunchies, socks, and wash bags for microplastic capture.
- The ModCloth brand is known for vintage-inspired fashion in sizes XS–4X, and brings fashion unique to the clothing market, including dresses - fit-and-flare, swing, and retro prints; tops & blouses - Peter Pan collars, quirky prints;
bottoms - high-waisted jeans, midi skirts; outerwear - capes, coats, and cardigans; and shoes & accessories - whimsical and nostalgic styles.
- The ASOS Curve brand is known for trendy and affordable fashion up to US size 26, and brings fashion unique to the clothing market, including dresses: occasionwear, casual, and statement pieces;
tops & bottoms - crop tops, wide-leg trousers, and co-ords; activewear - leggings, sports bras, and hoodies; swimwear & lingerie: bold prints and supportive fits; and outerwear - puffers, trench coats, and faux leather jackets.
- The Fabletics brand is known for activewear and athleisure in sizes XXS–4X, and brings fashion unique to the clothing market, including leggings - sculpting, high-waisted, and seamless options; tops & bras - sports bras, tanks, and tees;
loungewear - joggers, hoodies, and cozy sets; scrubs - functional and stylish for healthcare professionals; and men’s line - shorts, tees, and performance gear.
- The Standard Stitch brand is known for sustainable basics in sizes XS–5XL, and brings fashion unique to the clothing market, including tees & tanks - crew necks, v-necks, and ribbed styles;
dresses - midi-length, spaghetti strap, and racerback; sweats - joggers, sweatpants, and sweatshirts; and loungewear - soft, breathable, and ethically made.
- The Jamie and The Jones brand is known for handmade, timeless pieces in sizes XS–4XL, and brings fashion unique to the clothing market, including raw silk tops - boxy fits, pocket details, and minimalist cuts;
sweaters - handwoven T sweaters in various weights; dresses - blank canvas and T-dresses in rich textures; bottoms - wide-leg pants and shorts; and cardigans - oversized and cozy layer.
- The Altar brand is known for ethical fashion in sizes S–6XL, and brings fashion unique to the clothing market, including dresses - stretchy, body-positive silhouettes; tops - crop tops, tanks, and wrap styles;
bottoms - high-waisted skirts and wide-leg pants; lingerie - bralettes and high-rise briefs; and its accessories - jewelry, candles, and ritual kits.
- Fashion and apparel industry is the second largest industry next to agriculture in terms of water consumption.
- The fashion industry has grown at 5.5 percent annually, as of 2017 it was worth an estimated $2.4 trillion. As of 2024, the global fashion industry is projected to grow at a moderate pace of 2–4%, reflecting a slowdown from
its earlier 5.5% annual growth. The industry has faced headwinds like inflation, shifting consumer behavior, and economic uncertainty, but it still shows resilience—especially in luxury fashion, which is expected to grow by 3–5% this year.
In terms of market size, the global fashion market is forecast to reach around $880.9 billion in 2025, with continued expansion driven by e-commerce, digital innovation, and emerging markets.
- The first bra was created by Mary Phelps Jacob, a New York
socialite in 1913. Ida Rosenthal started designing bras with different cup sizes in 1921. Together, these two women helped liberate generations from the corset
and redefined how women dressed—and felt—underneath it all.
- Prior to 1850, 70 percent of the clothes worn were hand-stitched by the people who wore them. Before the mid-19th century, most people either made their own clothes or relied on local seamstresses and tailors.
Clothing was labor-intensive and time-consuming, often passed down or repurposed rather than discarded. Fabric was valuable, and sewing was a life skill, especially for women.
- A clothing item is considered vintage if it was made between 1920 and 1960. Outside this period, it is considered to be retro,
which refers to pieces that imitate the styles of the past rather than originating from those eras. It's noted that many enthusiasts and vintage retailers often extend the "vintage" label to clothes up through
the 1980s or even early ’90s, depending on context and cultural relevance.
- The skirt is the second oldest women's garment in history. It's preceded only by the loincloth
The skirt’s longevity really speaks to its versatility—practical, adaptable, and culturally rich. It’s been worn in countless forms across civilizations, from ancient Egyptian kalasiris to Scottish kilts.
- 66% of American women have kept a pair of jeans that are too small for them in the hope that one day they will fit again. For some, those jeans serve as motivation; for others, they’re just a quiet reminder of changing bodies
and shifting priorities. Either way, it's deeply human to hold on to items that connect us to versions of ourselves—past or future.
- Toronto, Canada, is home to more than 550 apparel manufacturers with wholesale shipments totaling nearly $1.4 billion annually or 16% of the $9 billion Canadian market.
- In North America, the average person consumes over 80 pounds of textiles per year. This includes not just clothing, but also things like towels, bedding, and other fabric-based goods.
- Elizabeth I of England loved hats so much that she made it mandatory for all females over the age of 7 to wear a hat on Sundays and holidays.
- Napoleon Bonaparte dictated that buttons be attached to jacket sleeves to stop the annoying habit soldiers had of wiping their runny noses on their jacket sleeves.
- Bavarian-born Levi Strauss moves to Gold Rush era San Francisco in 1853 to open a dry goods business. He sold clothes, boots and other goods to
the small retail stores of the American West. The first pair of Levi jeans was sold for about $5 worth of gold dust in the mid 1850s
- In the United States, Western brides typically wear white or ivory gowns, a tradition popularized by Queen Victoria. Styles range from minimalist sheaths to dramatic ballgowns. Each of these styles tells a story—not just of love,
but of identity, ancestry, and artistry. Exactly—and even within that canvas of white or ivory, the variety is extraordinary. A minimalist sheath might whisper elegance and modernity, perfect for a gallery loft or a quiet garden ceremony.
Meanwhile, a dramatic ballgown sweeps into the room with storybook splendor, layers of tulle and train echoing centuries of grandeur. Some brides opt for vintage silhouettes—1950s tea-length dresses with cinched waists and flared
skirts—while others embrace sleek, architectural lines or ethereal, bohemian lace. There are the personal touches: a blue ribbon stitched inside, a locket sewn into the hem, or heirloom veils passed down like sacred threads of history.
Modern bridal fashion in the U.S. reflects a powerful idea: tradition is a foundation, not a fence.
- Traditional clothing is a stunning reflection of cultural heritage and craftsmanship. Kimono, Sari, Hanbok, Dirndl, Kaftan, Quechua Clothing, Kente Cloth, Cheongsam/Qipao, and Áo Dài are some of the most beautiful traditional
outfits from around the world. Each of these outfits carries deep cultural significance and showcases the artistry of its region.
- Kimono (Japan) – A graceful, silk robe with intricate patterns, often worn for special occasions. The Kimono is Japan’s traditional garment, known for its elegance and cultural significance. It is a long, T-shaped robe with wide
sleeves, wrapped around the body and secured with an obi (a wide sash).
- Sari (India) – A long, flowing fabric draped elegantly around the body, showcasing vibrant colors and embroidery. The Sari is one of the most iconic traditional garments of India and the Indian subcontinent. It is a long,
unstitched piece of fabric, typically ranging from 4.5 to 9 yards, draped elegantly around the body. The sari is worn with a choli (a fitted blouse) and a petticoat, creating a graceful silhouette.
- Indian brides often wear richly embroidered sarees or lehengas in vibrant colors like red, symbolizing prosperity and love. Indian bridal wear is a breathtaking blend of tradition, artistry, and symbolism.
The saree, often six to nine yards of silk or chiffon, can be intricately hand-embroidered with zari, sequins, or beads—each stitch telling a story. The lehenga, a flared skirt paired with a choli (blouse) and dupatta (veil),
allows for dramatic volume and regal movement. Red takes center stage, as it’s considered an auspicious color signifying fertility, love, and new beginnings. Add layers of gold jewelry, heirloom pieces, floral garlands,
and sometimes even a nose ring or anklets, and the result is a look that’s nothing short of royal. Each state in India brings its own style—from the Kanjeevaram silks of Tamil Nadu to the mirror-work lehengas of Gujarat.
- Hanbok (Korea) – A bright, structured outfit with a high-waisted skirt and a short jacket, symbolizing harmony and balance. The Hanbok is the traditional attire of Korea, known for its vibrant colors, flowing lines,
and elegant silhouette. It has been worn for centuries, with its origins tracing back to the Three Kingdoms of Korea period (57 BCE–668 CE).
- Korean brides wear the hanbok, a colorful, high-waisted dress with flowing lines. It’s elegant, symbolic, and often paired with a short jacket called jeogori. The hanbok is one of the most graceful wedding ensembles in
the world—its vibrant colors, curved lines, and structured yet flowing silhouette symbolize harmony, purity, and festivity. For weddings, the bride typically wears a hwarot or a more formal version of the hanbok, often in
rich reds and greens with delicate embroidery featuring cranes, peonies, or butterflies—each carrying wishes for happiness and longevity. The jeogori (jacket) is paired with the chima (skirt), and the entire look is
often crowned with a jokduri—a traditional embroidered crown-like headpiece. Historically, materials like silk and satin were used, with gold thread woven in for a royal touch. Today, many Korean brides blend the hanbok
with modern styles—wearing a Western gown for the ceremony and changing into a hanbok for the reception or family rituals. It’s a striking fusion of tradition and contemporary elegance.
- Dirndl (Germany/Austria) – A charming dress with a fitted bodice, full skirt, and apron, often worn at festivals. The Dirndl is a traditional dress worn in Bavaria (Germany) and Austria, known for its charming and structured design.
It consists of a fitted bodice, a full skirt, and an apron, often paired with a blouse that features puffed sleeves and a square neckline.
- German wedding dress styles are a fascinating blend of regional tradition and modern refinement—where heritage meets haute couture. Some brides incorporate heirloom accessories, regional embroidery, or even elements of traditional
folk dress into their modern ensembles—creating a look that’s both personal and rooted in heritage. In southern Germany, especially Bavaria, brides may wear dresses inspired by the dirndl—featuring corset-style bodices, full skirts,
and delicate embroidery. These gowns often exude rustic charm and are sometimes worn in white or soft pastels. Historically, brides in regions like the Black Forest wore black or dark-colored dresses with white veils. Black was
considered formal and elegant, and the contrast symbolized purity and solemnity. Coastal regions favored more understated styles—clean lines, minimal embellishment, and a focus on craftsmanship over opulence. Today’s German brides
often opt for timeless silhouettes - think A-line gowns, sheath dresses, and romantic ballgowns with lace or satin finishes; minimalist chic - influenced by German design principles, many gowns feature sleek cuts, subtle details,
and architectural elegance; and eco-conscious choices - sustainability is a growing trend, with brides choosing locally made, ethically sourced gowns or even vintage pieces.
- Austrian weddings are rich in symbolism—like leaving a final stitch undone until just before the ceremony for good luck, or avoiding red and white flowers (which symbolize blood and bandages). Some brides even wear part of their
outfit inside out to ward off bad spirits. Austrian wedding dress styles are a charming blend of alpine tradition and modern European elegance—where folklore meets fashion. In rural and alpine regions, brides may wear a white or
pastel version of the dirndl, a traditional dress with a fitted bodice, full skirt, and apron. These gowns often feature delicate embroidery, lace-up fronts, and puffed sleeves. Some brides incorporate trachten (folk costume) elements,
such as velvet bodices, floral motifs, or hand-stitched details, especially in Tyrol or Salzburg. Traditional Austrian brides might wear floral crowns or lace veils, sometimes paired with braided hairstyles or ornate pins. Contemporary
Austrian brides often opt for romantic silhouettes - flowing A-line or sheath gowns with lace overlays, illusion necklines, and soft tulle; minimalist chic - clean lines, satin fabrics, and architectural cuts—perfect for a city hall
wedding in Vienna or a sleek castle affair; and eco-friendly choices - sustainability is on the rise, with brides choosing locally made gowns or vintage pieces.
- French wedding dress styles are the epitome of effortless elegance—think romance, refinement, and a whisper of rebellion. Styling is typically relaxed—loose waves, minimal makeup, and floral crowns or veils. French brides often
favor simplicity over extravagance—clean lines, soft fabrics, and subtle details. Two-piece sets, jumpsuits, and minimalist gowns are popular among contemporary French brides. Many designs nod to the 1920s–1970s, with high necklines,
flutter sleeves, or open backs.
- Kaftan (Morocco) – A loose, flowing robe with elaborate embroidery, worn for celebrations and formal events. The Kaftan is a traditional garment worn in various cultures, known for its flowing, robe-like design. Originating
in ancient Mesopotamia, it has been embraced by different regions, including the Ottoman Empire, North Africa, and Russia.
- Quechua (Peru) – Colorful, woven garments with intricate patterns, often paired with distinctive hats. Quechua traditional clothing is a vibrant reflection of Andean culture, deeply rooted in history and craftsmanship.
The garments are known for their bright colors, intricate patterns, and woven textiles, often handmade using traditional techniques.
- In Fiji, Fijian brides may wear masi, a barkcloth decorated with natural dyes and tribal motifs. It’s both sacred and celebratory. Masi, also known as tapa cloth, is hand-crafted from the inner bark of the paper mulberry
tree and decorated using natural dyes, often with symbolic patterns passed down through generations. In Fiji, this isn’t just wedding attire—it’s a connection to land, lineage, and spirit. Brides may wear full masi gowns,
elegant wraps, or layered robes accented with flowers and shells. The earth-toned designs—dots, lines, and tribal emblems—aren’t just ornamental; they often honor the couple’s heritage, community ties, and spiritual beliefs.
Masi is also used in the ceremony itself, draped over the bride and groom or laid out for blessings.
- Nigerian brides often wear aso oke, a handwoven fabric used to create elaborate gowns, headwraps (gele), and shawls. The colors and patterns are deeply symbolic. Aso oke is more than just fabric; it's heritage worn with pride.
Originating from the Yoruba people of southwestern Nigeria, aso oke (meaning “top cloth”) is traditionally woven in bold colors and geometric patterns that each tell a story. For weddings, it’s crafted into stunningly regal
ensembles—brides often wear a fitted blouse (buba), a wrap skirt (iro), a shawl (iborun), and the iconic gele, a richly folded headwrap that’s practically a crown. Color choices are deeply intentional: red can symbolize
vitality and strength, blue might represent peace and love, and gold or silver often evoke wealth and celebration. Families sometimes wear coordinated aso oke—creating a unified visual of community and shared joy, known as aso ebi.
It turns the ceremony into a living tapestry of tradition, togetherness, and cultural pride.
- Kente Cloth (Ghana) – A vibrant, handwoven fabric with symbolic designs, worn for important ceremonies. Kente Cloth is one of the most iconic traditional textiles of Ghana, known for its vibrant colors and intricate patterns.
It is handwoven using silk and cotton strips, creating a fabric rich in symbolism and cultural significance.
- Ghanaian brides dazzle in kente, a handwoven fabric with bold patterns and colors. Each design tells a story of heritage, status, and celebration. The brilliance of kente cloth isn’t just in its colors but in its profound symbolism.
Woven on looms by master artisans, each kente pattern is like a visual language, with specific motifs and color combinations carrying deep cultural meanings. Gold might symbolize royalty or wealth, blue for harmony, green for renewal,
and black for spiritual strength. At traditional Ghanaian weddings, brides often wear custom-fitted kente gowns with dramatic sleeves, intricate pleating, and matching headwraps called duku. The ensemble is not only regal—it’s a
bold tribute to ancestry and identity. Grooms typically match with tailored kente garments of their own, and together they become a living portrait of tradition and pride.
- In some regions of Mexico, brides wear a huipil, a traditional embroidered tunic, often paired with a long skirt and vibrant accessories that reflect indigenous roots. Huipiles are more than garments; they’re cultural heirlooms.
Worn by many Indigenous women across Mexico and Central America, especially among Maya and Zapotec communities, the huipil is a beautifully handwoven tunic often adorned with intricate embroidery that reflects not only
artistry but also identity, community, and even spiritual beliefs. For weddings, the huipil is often extra elaborate, made with fine threads, lace, or brocade, and sometimes passed down through generations. Each design
element—geometric patterns, flowers, birds, celestial symbols—can carry layers of meaning. It’s typically worn with a long corte (skirt), a woven sash, and vibrant jewelry or floral adornments, celebrating life, union,
and tradition in vivid color.
- Cheongsam/Qipao (China) – A sleek, high-collared dress with side slits, embodying elegance and tradition. The Cheongsam (also known as Qipao) is a traditional Chinese dress that embodies elegance and cultural heritage.
It originated from the Manchu people's attire during the Qing Dynasty and evolved into a more form-fitting, stylish garment in the 1920s Shanghai fashion scene
- Chinese brides traditionally wear a red qipao, often embroidered with gold dragons and phoenixes for luck and harmony. Red symbolizes joy and good fortune. The qipao, or cheongsam, is both elegant and deeply symbolic.
When crafted in vibrant red and adorned with intricate gold embroidery—like dragons (power and strength) and phoenixes (grace and harmony)—it becomes more than a dress. It’s a woven blessing for the couple’s future.
In traditional Chinese weddings, the bride may even do multiple outfit changes: beginning with the red qipao for the tea ceremony, perhaps switching to a Western-style white gown later, blending cultures and customs
in a single celebration. Some families also incorporate elaborate headdresses or fengguan for a full imperial look. The symbolism doesn’t stop with the gown—red is everywhere, from the invitations to the decorations,
all meant to usher in happiness and prosperity.
- The kimono is the most Japanese beautiful traditional clothing, it's a graceful robe that's worn on special occasions, known for its elaborate designs and rich fabrics.
Different types of kimonos exist, each suited for various events.
- Furisode – A formal kimono with long, flowing sleeves, worn by young, unmarried women.
- Yukata – A lightweight cotton kimono, commonly worn in summer festivals.
- Tomesode – A formal kimono with shorter sleeves, often worn by married women.
- Montsuki Hakama – A traditional men’s kimono set, often worn for formal events.
- Japanese brides may wear a white silk kimono called shiromuku, symbolizing purity and the bride’s willingness to be “dyed” by her new family’s customs. The shiromuku, literally meaning “pure white,” is a bridal kimono worn during
traditional Shinto ceremonies. It’s made from rich white silk and typically features intricate embroidery—cranes, cherry blossoms, or other auspicious motifs—woven subtly into the fabric. The white-on-white palette isn’t just
for beauty; it represents the bride's readiness to adopt the ways of her new family, like a blank canvas to be lovingly painted with new experiences and traditions. Brides often pair it with a striking white tsunokakushi
(a headpiece meant to veil jealousy or ego) or an elaborate wataboshi hood for added formality and grace. It’s a look that marries ritual with timeless aesthetics—steeped in respect, rebirth, and spiritual harmony.
- Chut Thai is Thailand's traditional dress, known for its elegance and cultural significance. For women, Chut Thai includes stunning designs like the Chakkri, which features a long tube skirt and a silk wrap called a Sabai.
Other styles include the Siwalai, a formal evening gown, and the Boromphiman, which has a fitted blouse with long sleeves. Men traditionally wear the Suea Phraratchathan, a button-up shirt with an extended collar, often paired
with a Pakama, a large rectangular fabric wrapped around the waist. Another classic piece is the Chong Kraben, a wraparound cloth worn like trousers.
- Thailand (Chut Thai): Known for its silk fabrics and intricate designs, Chut Thai includes styles like the Chakkri, Siwalai, and Boromphiman, often worn at formal events. Women's outfits feature a Sabai (silk shoulder cloth),
while men's attire includes the Suea Phraratchathan and Chong Kraben.
- Vietnam (Áo Dài): The Áo Dài is a long, fitted tunic worn over trousers, emphasizing elegance and modesty. The modern Áo Dài evolved from older Vietnamese garments, it consists of a long, flowing tunic worn over silk trousers,
creating a graceful silhouette. Today, Áo Dài is a symbol of Vietnamese identity, worn at formal events, weddings, and even as school uniforms.
- Áo Dài (Vietnam) - The Áo Dài is Vietnam's national dress, known for its elegance and cultural significance. It consists of a long, flowing tunic worn over silk trousers, creating a graceful silhouette. The modern Áo Dài evolved
from historical Vietnamese garments and was refined in the 1930s to become more form-fitting.
- The Vietnamese Áo Dài typically consists of a long, fitted tunic with high slits on both sides, worn over pants, and can be made
from various fabrics, including silk and brocade, often featuring intricate embroidery or patterns combining modesty with grace. It is a traditional Vietnamese garment known for its elegance and beauty, ladies often wear on their
special occasions such as weddings, Tet (the Vietnamese New Year), and other important ceremonies. While the traditional design remains popular, modern versions of the ao dai incorporate contemporary fashion elements, making
it versatile for both formal events and everyday wear.
- Vietnamese wedding dresses are a stunning fusion of tradition, symbolism, and evolving fashion. At the heart of it all is the iconic áo dài—a long, form-fitting tunic worn over wide-legged pants, often made of silk and adorned
with intricate embroidery. Northern styles tend to favor rich silks and bold embroidery, while southern versions may use lighter fabrics and more delicate patterns. Across the country, the áo dài remains a powerful symbol of
grace, heritage, and feminine strength. Red is the most traditional color, symbolizing luck, happiness, and prosperity. Brides often wear elaborately embroidered red áo dài with gold thread, featuring motifs like dragons
and phoenixes for harmony and strength. Many brides pair the áo dài with a matching khăn đóng—a circular headdress that adds regal flair. During the engagement (Lễ Ăn Hỏi) and wedding (Lễ Cưới) ceremonies, brides may wear
different áo dài, each more ornate than the last. Inspired by Western bridal trends, some brides now choose white, blush, or champagne-colored áo dài for a softer, romantic look. It’s common for brides to wear a
traditional áo dài for the ceremony and change into a Western-style gown for the reception—or vice versa. Contemporary Vietnamese designers are reimagining the áo dài with sheer panels, lace overlays, and modern silhouettes.
- Cambodia (Sampot & Av Pak): Cambodian traditional clothing includes the Sampot, a wraparound skirt similar to Thailand’s Pha Nung, and the Av Pak, a fitted blouse with intricate embroidery.
The Sampot and Av Pak are two of Cambodia’s most iconic traditional garments, reflecting the country's rich cultural heritage.
- Myanmar (Longyi & Eingyi): The Longyi and Eingyi are traditional Burmese garments that reflect Myanmar's cultural heritage and practicality. Longyi is a cylindrical piece of cloth worn by both men and women,
the Longyi is similar to a sarong and is tied at the waist. Eingyi is a short formal jacket or blouse worn by women, often paired with the Longyi. It can be simple or intricately embroidered, depending on the occasion.
- Laos (Xout Lao): The Xout Lao is the traditional national costume of Laos, worn by men, women, and children. It reflects Laos' rich cultural heritage and is often worn during festivals, weddings, and official ceremonies.
For men, the Xout Lao typically includes a Nehru-style jacket made of white silk, paired with a Pha Hang, a wraparound lower-body cloth. For women, the outfit consists of a Sinh, a handmade silk skirt, often paired
with a Suea Pat, a fitted blouse with long sleeves.
- Indonesia (Kebaya & Batik): The Kebaya is a fitted blouse worn with a Batik sarong, blending Javanese and European influences. The Kebaya and Batik are two of Indonesia’s most cherished traditional garments
Kebaya is a fitted blouse made from lace, brocade, or sheer fabrics, often worn with a sarong or batik skirt. The Kebaya is also worn in Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei, particularly among Peranakan communities.
Batik is a fabric decorated using a wax-resist dyeing technique, creating intricate patterns that often symbolize philosophical meanings. Batik is widely worn in Indonesia, especially in formal settings,
and is considered an important cultural heritage.
- Southeast Asian traditional attire for its refined elegance and royal influence shares similarities in fabric choices and cultural significance but differs in structure and styling. Each country has its own stunning traditional dress.
These outfits are often worn during festivals, weddings, or national celebrations and reflect centuries of craftsmanship and cultural identity. Each outfit reflects the cultural identity and history of its country standing out for
its heritage and elaborate craftsmanship.
- Thailand: Chut Thai for women and Raj pattern shirts for men.
- Vietnam: The elegant Ao Dai, a long tunic over trousers.
- Indonesia: Batik prints and kebaya blouses.
- Malaysia: Baju Kurung for women and Baju Melayu for men.
- Philippines: Barong Tagalog and Terno with iconic butterfly sleeves.
- Myanmar: Longyi—a wraparound skirt worn by all genders.
- Cambodia: Sampot and intricately woven silk garments.
- Cotton has been used for clothing for thousands of years back to ancient civilizations. Its story is as rich and far-reaching as any fabric in history. Cotton has been independently domesticated in both the Old
and New Worlds, with archaeological evidence showing its use as far back as 6000 BCE in Peru and around 5000 BCE in the Indus Valley and ancient Egypt2. These early societies spun and wove cotton into cloth using simple tools
like spindles and looms, creating garments that were breathable, durable, and well-suited to their climates. In India, cotton was not only a staple textile but also a major export, influencing trade routes and economies.
Meanwhile, in Africa, the Kingdom of Kush cultivated cotton near the Nile, and in Mesoamerica, cotton was used in both everyday clothing and ceremonial garments. Cotton’s global journey accelerated with Arab traders,
who introduced it to Europe around the 9th century. But it was the Industrial Revolution—and inventions like the cotton gin—that transformed cotton into a cornerstone of the modern textile industry
- The first material (e.g., cotton, flax, wool, leather, silk) used for clothing is the natural fibres obtained from both plants and animal sources; knitting was first introduced as a fabric creation technique, dating 6500 BC.
Clothing originated between 30,000 and 114,000 years ago; there is evidence of clothes being made from 90,000 to 120,000 years ago based on findings in deposits in Morocco; silk weaving was introduced to India circa 400 AD,
whereas cotton spinning dates back to 3000 BC in India. Textile clothing came to notice around 27,000 years ago, while actual textile fragments from 7000 B.C. have been discovered by archeologists.
- Textiles and rope fragments of woven fabrics possibly used for bags, baskets, wall or floor coverings, or bedding, found 30 years ago in Guitarrero Cave high in the Andes Mountains, Peru, have been dated to between 12,100
and 11,080 years ago, making them the oldest textiles ever found in South America.
- The evolution of Andean textile techniques is a remarkable story of innovation, symbolism, and cultural continuity that spans over 10,000 years. It began with early fiberwork in places like Guitarrero Cave, where plant fibers were
knotted and twisted into ropes, nets, and mats. As societies became more complex, so did their textiles.
- By the Initial Period (1800–900 BCE), Andean weavers were already using twining and looping techniques to create intricate patterns, often with symbolic motifs like animals and deities. With the rise of civilizations
like the Chavín, Paracas, and Nazca, textiles became more than utilitarian—they were vehicles of identity and spiritual expression. The Paracas, for instance, are known for their elaborate embroidered burial mantles,
using alpaca and cotton threads dyed with natural pigments like cochineal.
- By the time of the Wari and Tiwanaku cultures (600–1000 CE), techniques like tapestry weaving, tie-dye (ikat), and brocade were widespread. These textiles often featured geometric and zoomorphic designs and were
used to denote rank and affiliation.
- Under the Inca Empire, textile production became highly organized. The Incas standardized designs like the tocapu—small geometric motifs that may have functioned like a visual language.
They also developed qompi, a luxurious cloth woven by elite artisans using vicuña wool, reserved for royalty and religious ceremonies. Even after the Spanish conquest, Andean textile traditions persisted, blending indigenous
and European techniques.
- Today, many communities in Peru and Bolivia still practice these ancient methods, preserving a living legacy of one of the world’s oldest textile traditions.
- In 1918, Earnshaw’s Infants’ Department suggested pink for the boys, and blue for the girls; however, in 1927 the Time magazine
made a survey with a result that many large-scale department stores in Boston, Chicago, and New York suggested pink for boys, and this trend of pink for boys was not as overwhelming. In 1940s, people started to accept using pink
and blue to mark the gender of babies with pink being for girls and blue for boys; and it wasn’t until the the 1980’s, the pink and blue rules really began stick with the public.
- The Ancient Egyptians were very fashion-conscious people. People dressed clothes to show their wealth and positions in the society.
The lower classes wore garments made of less expensive cloth; Noblemen wore a wraparound linen skirt called a kilt and a top of fine pleated robes; upper class women wore nice dresses with shoulder straps and a shawl. Young children a
nd slaves rarely wore any clothes. Most people went barefoot while some rich people sometimes wore sandals.
- Bronwyn Bancroft (born 1958) is an Indigenous Australian artist, notable for
being the first Australian fashion designer invited to show her work in Paris. Working as a fashion designer, an artist, an illustrator, and an arts administrator,
Bancroft established a shop called Designer Aboriginals in 1985, selling fabrics made by Indigenous artists, including herself. Her artwork is held by the
National Gallery of Australia, the Art Gallery of
New South Wales and the Art Gallery of Western Australia.
- The most recognized types of traditional Chinese clothings are Pien Fu, Chang Pao, and Shenyi. The Pien Fu is a costume used for ceremonies that has a long top and ankle-length pants or skirts. The Chang Pao, a robe made out of just
one piece of cloth, was men's common wear, lower than the knees and with a round collar band; it is a long gown featured collarless, narrow horseshoe-shaped sleeves, buttons down the left front, four slits and a fitting waist; the slits
could enhance men's freedom of mobility while they were riding the horse. The Shenyi is a top and pants or skirt, but they are sewn together to make just one piece of clothing instead of two.
- It's not difficult to paint a beautiful picture of traditional Chinese attire—each garment a blend of functionality, symbolism, and aesthetic elegance.
- The Pien Fu (弁服), often reserved for nobility and ceremonial occasions, reflected a dignified and balanced aesthetic with its harmonized top-and-bottom ensemble. Its simplicity carried deep meaning—representing harmony
between heaven (the round top) and earth (the square bottom).
- The Chang Pao (长袍) is a wonderful example of form following function. Those four side slits, known as “马蹄袖” or horseshoe sleeves, weren’t just decorative—they allowed for fluid movement on horseback,
essential in an era when equestrianism was a daily necessity. The robe’s one-piece design also emphasized continuity and unity.
- The Shenyi (深衣) is particularly fascinating because it was a fusion of the top-and-skirt system, symbolizing the yin-yang harmony. It was worn across multiple dynasties by scholars, officials, and the elite,
reflecting Confucian ideals of restraint, order, and virtue. Each of these garments didn’t just clothe the body—they told stories about identity, cosmology, and the structure of society.
- In China, traditional hats and ornate head gear were an essential part of custom dress code in feudal China. Men wore hats and women wore their hair ornamentally with showy hairpieces, both of these indicating their social status and ranks.
Men wore a hat when they reached 20 years, signifying their adulthood; poor men simply weren’t allowed to wear a hat. The ancient Chinese hat, which signified the social hierarchical rule and social status, covered only the part of the
scalp with its narrow ridge instead of the whole head like a modern cap.
- When looking into the symbolism woven into traditional Chinese dress, clothing in imperial China wasn’t just about fashion—it was a coded language of power, virtue, and rank. The “guan” (冠), or adult male cap,
marked not only a rite of passage at age 20 during the capping ceremony (冠礼, guān lǐ), but also reinforced social stratification. Poorer men not being allowed to wear hats wasn’t just economic—it
was cultural and legal. Similarly, women’s elaborate hair ornaments weren’t merely decorative. They reflected regional styles, marital status, wealth, and even dynastic fashion trends. During the Tang dynasty, for example,
tall buns adorned with gold, jade, and phoenix-shaped pins were all the rage among aristocratic women.
- Textiles can be made from many materials, which mainly come from animal (wool,
silk), plant (cotton,
flax, jute), mineral
(asbestos, glass fibre),
and synthetic (nylon, polyester,
acrylic). In the 20th century, textiles were supplemented by artificial fibres made from
petroleum.
- Silk is a strong, light, soft, and sensuous fabric produced from cocoons of the Bombyx caterpillar, or silkworm. Silk is primarily produced through sericulture,
the cultivation of silkworms—specifically Bombyx mori—which feed exclusively on mulberry leaves. When the caterpillars are ready to pupate, they spin cocoons made of a single, continuous silk filament that can stretch up to 100 meters long.
- To harvest the silk, the cocoons are typically boiled or steamed to soften the natural gum (sericin) that holds the threads together. This allows the delicate fibers to be reeled off in long strands, which are then washed, dyed,
and woven into fabric. The result is a textile that’s not only lustrous and smooth, but also surprisingly strong—a single silk filament can rival steel in tensile strength. It’s a labor-intensive process—about 2,500 silkworms are
needed to produce just one pound of raw silk. But the result is a material that’s been prized for millennia, from ancient China’s imperial courts to today’s haute couture.
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