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This Month in History

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1 2012 - Nigeria ethnic clashes kill at least 50 people in Nigeria between the Ezza and Ezilo people over a land dispute.
2010 - Norway Magnus Carlsen is ranked as the world's Number One Ranked Chess Player.
2009 - Slovakia adopts Euro as its currency.
2008 - Cyprus and Malta adopt Euro as their currency.
2002 - Euro coins and notes went into circulation in twelve European nations. It becomes the official currency of Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Greece, Austria, Belgium, Finland, Ireland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, and Portugal.
2002 - The Indonesian province of Iran Jaya (West Papua) officially becomes Papua.
2000 - U.S. hands over the Panama Canal to Panama, ending nearly 100 years of American control over one of the world's most strategic waterways.
2000 - The Year 2000 (Y2K)
1999 - Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal and Spain began using a new single European currency, the Euro, for electronic financial and business transactions.
1994 - North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) signed by Canada, the U.S. and Mexico goes into effect.
1993 - Czechoslovakia splits into two new countries, the Czech Republic and Slovakia .
1984 - AT&T is forced to dispose of 22 Bell Systems companies or baby bells.
1984 - The Sultanate of Brunei gains independence from Great Britain.
1979 - China and the U.S. established diplomatic relations
1978 - Air India 747 with 213 aboard exploded, and plugged into sea minutes after takeoff in Bombay.
1975 - Former top aides to President Nixon, including former Attorney General John Mitchell, Domestic Affairs Advisor John Ehrlichman and Chief of Staff H.R. Haldeman, were found guilty of obstruction of justice During the Watergate scandal.
1971 - Cigarette ads are banned on TV.
1959 - NASA created.
1959 - Fidel Castro drove out Dictator Fulgencio Batista and seized power in Cuba.
1942 - Twenty six countries signed the Declaration of the United Nations,in Washington, D.C.; United Nations created.
1914 - The world's first airline, St. Petersburg Tampa Airboat Line, debuts operation in St. Petersburg, Florida.
1901 - The Commonwealth of Australia was founded as six former British colonies became six states
1892 - Ellis Island in New York Harbor opened.
1801 - Ireland was added to Great Britain.
1776 - George Washington unveiled the first national flag in America, the Grand Union Flag
2 2011 - Russia oil pipeline opens between Russia and China.
2000 - The first Chrysler Plymouth Neon car is made.
1994 - Chrysler's Neon hits the road
1974 - New 55mph speed limit law on all national highways is in effect.
1959 - The first spacecraft flied by the Moon and orbited the Sun, Mechta (Luna I) was launched by the USSR.
1942 - Japanese captured Manila (the Philippines capital), and the nearby air base at Cavite during thw World War 2.
1905 - The Russians surrendered to the Japanese after the Battle of Port Arthur during the Russian-Japanese War; the Russo-Japanese war ended.
1839 - Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre took the first picture of the Moon.
1788 - Georgia state joins the U.S.
3 2009 - U.S. Chrysler receives a $4bn emergency loan from the Federal government to stop the company being forced into bankruptcy.
1993 - U.S. President George Bush and Russian Boris Yeltsin, sign the second Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty Start II in Moscow, eliminating about two-thirds of each country's long range nuclear weapons.
1990 - Manuel Noriega, the deposed leader of Panama, surrendered to American authorities on charges of drug trafficking
1977 - Apple Computer is incorporated.
1967 - Jack Ruby, the man who shot John Kennedy's assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald, died.
1965 - Large Vietnamese antigovernment demonstrators clash with military/police forces in Saigon concerning American influence in South Vietnam was increasing.
1961 - The U.S. severs diplomatic relations with Cuba.
1959 - Alaska becomes the 49th state of the U.S. with a land mass almost 25% of the size of the lower 48 states together
1947 - Congressional proceedings are televised for the first time.
1938 - March of Dimes is found by Franklin Roosevelt.
1833 - Britain seized control of the Falkland Islands.
1777 - General George Washington defeated the British at Princeton and drove them back toward New Brunswick during the American Revolution
4 2012 - Men are banned from selling female underwear in Saudi Arabia.
2010 - The world's tallest building, Burj Khalifa, 2716 ft high with 160 floors, is open in Dubai.
2010 - Iran signs a law that bans its citizens to contact over sixty influential Western organizations, including BBC and Voice of America.
2007 - Nancy Pelosi is elected as the first female Speaker of the United States Congress.
1999 - The U.S. Mint started to distribute the 50 State Quarters.
1995 - Republican controls 104th Congress after 40 years.
1965 - T.S. Eliot, a famous poet who won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1948, dies.
1951 - North Korean and Communist Chinese forces captured the city of Seoul.
1948 - Burma (Myanmar) gained its independence from Great Britain.
1809 - Louis Braille (1809-1852) blinded as a boy, later invented a reading system for the blind using punch marks in paper, was born in France.
1896 - Utah state joins the U.S.
1790 - President George Washington delivered the first State of the Union address.
5 2011 - U.S. House of Representatives is taken over by Republicans.
1998 - Sonny Bono, who used to sing with Cher, is killed in a skiing accident.
1976 - In Camobodia, the Khmer Rouge led by Pol Pot, who later killed over 1 million people as he forced people out of the cities into the countryside to create an idyllic agrarian society, announced a new constitution which legalized the Communist government and renamed the country as Kampuchea.
1952 - Winston Churchill's first official visit in the U.S.
1945 - Japan Kamikaze Pilots/Suicide Bombers program is created.
1945 - Panama Independent State.
1940 - The first FM radio demonstration
1933 - Workers starts to build the Golden Gate Bridge across the San Francisco Bay.
1925 - Nellie Tayloe Ross becomes the first female governor of a state (Wyoming).
1924 - The first Chrysler's car is built.
1914 - Henry Ford introduces $5.00 per day wages for all his Ford workers.
1643 - First divorce given in the U.S.
6 2021 - United States Capitol in Washington DC is attacked by a mob of supporters of President Donald J. Trump.
2006 - Western China is facing its worst winter with temperatures reaching -43C and over 2 ft of snow.
1990 - Poland disbaned the Communist Party and then reorganized it as the Social Democratic Party, an opposition party to Solidarity.
1980 - President Jimmy Carter authorizes $1.2bn in federal loans to save the failing Chrysler Corporation.
1973 - A (Mercedes-Benz) Mannerheim's 770K, erroneously alleged to have been the parade limousine of Adolf Hitler, was sold at auction for $153,000.
1971 - Army drops charges of My Lai cover-up.
1919 - Former president Theodore Roosevelt dies in Oyster Bay, N.Y.
1912 - New Mexico joins the U.S.
1838 - Samuel Morse gives the first public demonstration of the telegraph.
1412 - Joan of Arc (1412-1431), a national heroine of France, was born.
1066 - Harold II crowns king of England.
7 2021 - The U.S. Congress certified the 2020 presidential Electoral College results, officially confirming Joe Biden as the President-elect at 3:40 a.m.
2011 - In the Somalia Islamic-controlled town of Jowhar, men and women are banned from shaking hands with each other.
2002 - A big snowstorm drops about 12 in (30 cm) of snow on Jordan and Lebanon.
1999 - A trial for the impeachment of President Clinton, a accused of lying under oath and obstructing justice over his love affair with Monica Lewinsky is started.
1989 - Showa Tenno Hirohito dies after serving over 60 years as a Japanese emperor.
1979 - Vietnam seizes Phnom Penh, the Cambodian capital, toppling the brutal regime of Pol Pot and his Khmer Rouge.
1971 - GM's Saturn is built
1965 - Civilian government is restored in Saigon
1953 - Truman announces U.S. developed hydrogen bomb
1927 - Commercial telephone service begins between New York and London.
1800 - Preident Filmore is born in New York.
1782 - Bank of North America in Philadelphia is opened as the first U.S. commercial bank for business.
1714 - Henry Mill, a British inventor, received his first typewriter patent.
8 2002 - President George W. Bush signs into law the No Child Left Behind Act.
1996 - A Russian-built Antonov-32 cargo plane crashed after takeoff from Kinshasa, Zaire, into the center of the city, killing over 350 people and injuring at least 470.
1986 - Kodak barred from selling cameras.
1982 - The AT&T monopoly agrees divesting itself of 22 Bell System companies and splitting itself into seven "Baby Bells."
1976 - Chinese leader Zhou Enlai dies.
1975 - Ella Grasso became the state of Connecticut’s first female governor.
1973 - Luna 21 (Ye-8 series), an unmanned Soviet spacecraft, is sent to the Moon to deploy the second Soviet lunar rover (Lunokhod 2).
1963 - Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa is exhibited at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.
1962 - Mona Lisa exhibited in Washington DC.
1959 - Charles de Gaulle, who led the Free French government in exile during Nazi occupation, become the first president of France's Fifth Republic.
1940 - Great Britain introduces Food Rationing using ration books.
1935 - Elvis Presley, “The King of Rock N’ Roll”, is born.
1798 - The 11th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified, prohibiting lawsuits against a U.S. state.
1790 - George Washington delivers first State of the Union
1642 - Astronomer Galileo dies
9 2012 - Malam Bacai Sanha, president of Guinea-Bissau, dies in Paris, France, after becoming gravely ill.
2012 - A painting of Picasso along with paintings of Mondrian and Guglielmo Caccia are stolen from Athens National Gallery.
2007 - Apple introduces its first Apple iPhone, which epitomizes the new generation of mobile phone devices.
1972 - The Queen Elizabeth/Seawise University Ship sink into a Hong Kong harbor despite two days worth of effort to put out a fire.
1968 - Surveyor 7, the last of America's unmanned lunar probes, landed on the Moon.
1958 - Toyota and Datsun make their first appearances in the U.S. at an imported motor car show in Los Angeles, California.
1913 - President Richard Nixon (1913-1994) is born in Yorba Linda, California; he won re-election by a landslide in 1972, but resigned two years later amid impeachment proceedings resulting from the Watergate scandal,
1788 - Connecticut becomes the 5th state in the United States.
1894 - First motion picture/movie given copyright.
1861 - Mississippi becomes the 2nd state to secede from the Union.
10 2010 - China becomes the world's largest exporter.
2008 - The Tata Group of India introduces the Nano it's ultra cheap, ultra small car, around $2,500.
2002 - The US military begins bringing al-Qaeda and Taliban prisoners to its Navy base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.
1984 - The U.S. and the Vatican reestablish diplomatic relations after a 117-year break.
1979 - Convertible "Bug" retires
1967 - Edward Brooke, the first African-American senator elected by popular vote in MA, took his seat.
1964 - The first Beatles album, "Introducing the Beatles", is released in the U.S.
1962 - Avalanche down Huascaran (Peru), extinct Andean volcano, killed more than 3,000 people.
1949 - RCA introduces the first vinyl record at 45 rpm.
1949 - Columbia releases the first vinyl record at 33.3 rpm.
1946 - The first General Assembly of the United Nations, comprising 51 nations, convenes at Westminster Central Hall in London, England.
1942 - Ford makes Jeeps
1912 - The airplane to take off and land on the deck of a ship, invented by Glenn Curtiss (1878-1932), made its first flight at Hammondsport, New York.
1863 - The world's first underground railway service (between Paddington and Farringdon) opened in London.
1861 - Florida became the third state to secede from the Union.
11 2011 - China tests its first stealth fighter jet, J-20.
2008 - Bank Of America announces its purchase of sub-prime mess Countrywide Financial Corp for $4.1 billion in stock.
2002 - The first 20 al-Qaeda prisoners arrive at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.
2002 - Ford Motor announces the manufacturing discontinuation of its Lincoln Continental, Ford Escort, Mercury Cougar, and Mercury Villager.
1989 - Ronald Reagan gives his farewell speech.
1973 - The first graduates from the Open University (OU), which was established in 1971 in Great Britain to allow mature students to obtain degrees while still working and studying at home, are awarded their degrees.
1964 - The first report regarding the dangers of cigarette smoking is issued by the U.S. Surgeon General, Luther Terry.
1935 - 1st female solo pilot Earhart flies from HI to CA.
1908 - Grand Canyon National Monument is created.
1755 - The Birth of Alexander Hamilton, the United States' first Secretary of the Treasury.
12 2012 - North Korea announced that the body of former leader Kim Jong-il would lie in state permanently next to his father Kim Il-sung at the Kumsusan Memorial Palace in Pyongyang.
2010 - A magnitude 7.0 earthquake near Port-au-Prince, Haiti's capital, kills 316,000 people.
1990 - Romania outlawed the Communist Party.
1948 - The Supreme Court order all law school at the University of Oklahoma to immediately provide training to black students at the same level of education given to whites.
1932 - Hattie W. Caraway, a democrat from Arkansas, serves as the first female U.S. senator.
1919 - First meeting of Big Four Nations' leaders in Paris.
1915 - The U.S. House of Representatives reject a proposal to give women the right to vote.
1879 - British-Zulu War begins.
1773 - The first public U.S. museum is established in Charleston, S.C.
13 2001 - A magnitude 7.6 earthquake in a south American city of San Salvador kills over 1,000 people.
1993 - American, British and French planes carry out a series of bombing raids over southern Iraq.
1990 - Douglas Wilder (D-Virginia) becomes the first elected African-American governor in the U.S.
1966 - The first African-American cabinet member is appointed
1942 - Henry Ford patents plastic car
1915 - Earthquake in Avezzano, Italy kills 32,610 people and leaves city totally destroyed.
1910 - First radio demonstration
1893 - The British Labor Party was found with James Keir Hardie (1856 – 1915) as its leader.
1808 - The Birth of Salmon P. Chase, Lincoln's Secretary of the Treasury.
14 2011 - Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali steps down as President of Tunisia amid growing unrest on the streets of the capital and other towns and cities after his 23-year-long authoritarian rule. He fled to Saudi Arabia.
1980 - Gold prices soar $800/ounce.
1966 - Franklin Roosevelt, the 1st President travels by airplane.
1953 - Tito formally becomes the first president of the Republic of Yugoslavia.
1943 - President Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Churchill met at Casablanca in Morocco to discuss strategy during World War II
1910 - The first constitution in the American colonies
15 1992 - The European Community recognizes Croatia and Slovenia as the separate states, effectively ended the Yugoslav federation, founded in 1918.
1973 - President Nixon orders halt to offensive operations in North Vietnam.
1970 - Qaddafi serves as Premier of Libya.
1967 - The first Super Bowl is played: Green Bay Packers 35, Kansas City Chiefs 10.
1943 - The construction of the world's largest office building, Pentagon, is completed.
1936 - Ford Foundation is established
1934 - A magnitude 8.0 quake kills around 11,000 people in Nepal (Kathmandu, Bhaktapur and Patan) and India (Bihar)
1929 - Martin Luther King (1929-1968) was born in Atlanta, Georgia
1909 - Hearse used for the first time
1777 - The Republic of New Connecticut declares its independence from Britain & NY. Six months later it was renamed Vermont.
1759 - The British Museum is opened.
1559 - Queen Elizabeth I is crowned in Westminster Abbey.
16 2001 - Laurent Kabila, president of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, is assassinated.
1992 - The twelve-year civil war, killing over 75,000 people in El Salvador, ended with the signing of a peace treaty in Mexico City.
1991 - Iraq war - Operations Desert Storm begins
1979 - Shad, who had ruled Iran since 1941 and had unsuccessfully attempted to westernize its culture, flees Iran amid mass demonstrations and the revolt of Islamic fundamentalists led by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.
1945 - Adolf Hitler retires to his bunker hideaway.
1919 - Prohibition began with the ratification of the 18th Amendment.
1913 - Duryea introduces the first hardtop sedan in US.
1883 - The U.S. Civil Service Commission is established.
1547 - Ivan the Terrible is crowned the first czar of Russia.
17 2002 - Colin Powell visits Kabul Afghanistan as the first US State Secretary since Henry Kissinger in 1976.
1995 - Earthquake occured in Osaka, Kyoto, Kobe of Japan; magnitude 7.1; 6,430 people are killed and 26,800 injured.
1994 - Earthquake measuring 6.6 in San Fernando Valley, California, killed 61 people and injured over 8,000.
1945 - Soviets capture Warsaw
1893 - Americans overthrown Hawaiian monarchy
1899 - New car speed (43.69 mph) record is set
1806 - James Madison Randolph, the grandson of Thomas Jefferson, became the first child born in the White House.
1706 - Benjamin Franklin was born in Boston.
18 2002 - NW Airlinesrules requiring checking all luggages in US airports go to in effect.
1993 - All 50 states joined in the observance of the Martin Luther King, Jr. holiday.
1950 - Soviet Union recognizes North Vietnam
1943 - The Nazi siege of Leningrad (Soviet) is broken.
1912 - Bentley Motor is established in London
1912 - British explorer Robert Scott reaches the South pole
1899 - New car speed (43.69 mph) record is set
1778 - British explorer James Cook discovers Hawaii
1733 - The first polar bear was exhibited in America, in Boston.
19 2001 - President Clinton admitted he made false statements under oath about Monica Lewinsky.
1997 - Yasser Arafat returned to Hebron after 30 years, as Israel transfers control of the West Bank city to Palestinians.
1966 - Indira Gandhi is elected prime minister of India in succession to Lal Shastri.
1950 - China recognizes North Vietnam.
1941 - British attack Italians in Africa.
1915 - First air raid on Britain
1915 - The electric neon sign is patented in the U.S. by George Claude of Paris, France.
20 2009 - Barack Hussein Obama II is sworn in as the 44th US President
1996 - Arafat is elected as leader of Palestine
1986 - Martin Luther King, Jr., day is celebrated as a federal holiday for the first time.
1981 - Ronald Reagan becomes the oldest president to take office (69 years + 349 days)
1981 - 52 American hostages seized from the American Embassy in Tehran were released after 444 days in captivity.
1971 - The Jaguar XJ13 prototype was displayed in England
1969 - Richard Nixon takes office
1964 - The Beatles released their first album "Meet the Beatles" in the U.S.
1961 - John Fitzgerald Kennedy is inaugurated
1946 - The first Kaiser-Frazer cars are introduced in NY
1945 - Franklin D. Roosevelt, who had served as the U.S. president since 1933, is inaugurated to his 4th term to an unprecedented fourth term.
1937 - Franklin D. Roosevelt is sworn in as president
1841 - As a result of the First Opium War, Hong Kong is ceded to Britain.
21 2003 - The U.S. Census Bureau reported that Hispanics had surpassed Blacks as the largest minority group.
1976 - The first commercial Concordes takes off
1954 - The world's 1st gas-turbine powered car (FXP-21)
1954 - The USS Nautilus, the world's first nuclear powered submarine, is launched at Groton, Connecticut.
1924 - Vladimir Lenin, the first Soviet leader, dies of a brain hemorrhage in Moscow.
1899 - (GM) Opel opens for business
1793 - King Louis XVI executed
1789 - The first American novel published
22 2002 - Kmart files for bankruptcy protection.
1997 - The U.S. Senate confirmed Madeleine Albright as the first female secretary of state.
1973 - The US Supreme Court legalizes some abortions in Roe v. Wade.
1973 - Lyndon Baines Johnson dies in Texas at the age 64
1973 - 171 Nigerian Moslems returning from Mecca and 5 crewmen died in crash in Kano, Nigeria.
1922 - Queen Victoria died after reigning for 64 years, during which England became the most powerful empire in the world.
1905 - 500 protesting Russian workers are killed by the Czar Nicholas II's troops in "Bloody Sunday" in St. Petersburg, Russia.
1840 - British colonists reach New Zealand
23 1989 - Salvador Dali (famous Spanish painter) dies in Spain at age 84.
1973 - President Nixon announces peace settlement reached in Paris to end the Vietnam War.
1968 - North Korea seizes U.S. ship Pueblo (the crew was released 11 months later)
1907 - Charles Curtis (January 25, 1860 – February 8, 1936) of Kansas became the first Native American to serve in the U.S Senate, and later served as the 31st vice president of the United States from 1929 to 1933.
1849 - Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman receives M.D.
1849 - Elizabeth Blackwell becomes the first woman received M.D. (physician) in the U.S.
1789 - Georgetown University established in Washington, DC.
1556 - The deadliest earthquake on record killed 830,000 in Shansi, China.
24 2003 - The Department of Homeland Security, under Tom Ridge, became a cabinet department.
1993 - The first African-American to sit on the Supreme Court, Thurgood Marshall, dies.
1986 - Voyager II space probe passes within 51,000 miles of Uranus.
1972 - Japanese soldier Shoichi Yokoi is discovered in Guam; he spent 28 years hiding in the jungle thinking World War II was still going on.
1965 - Winston Churchill dies in London at age 90.
1927 - First Alfred Hitchcock film opens
1908 - The Boy Scouts movement begins in England with the publication of the first installment of Robert Baden-Powell's Scouting for Boys
1907 - G. Curtiss sets motorcycle-speed record: 136.3mph
1556 - Earthquake in Shaanxi (Shensi) province, China, killed more than 830,000 people.
25 2002 - India test-fires an intermediate-range nuclear-capable missile.
1995 - Near launching of Russian nukes
1980 - Jiang Qing, the widow of Chinese leader Mao Zedong, is sentenced to death for her "counter-revolutionary crimes" during the Cultural Revolution.
1971 - Cult leader Charles Manson and followers are convicted in Los Angeles, CA, of the brutal 1969 murders of actress Sharon Tate and six others..
1961 - President John F. Kennedy holds the first presidential news conference carried live on radio and television.
1949 - First Emmy awards
1942 - Thailand declares war on the U.S. and England
1939 - Earthquake in Chile razes 50,000 sq miles and kills around 28,000 people.
1924 - The first Winter Olympic games opened at Chamonix, France.
1915 - Alexander Graham Bell inaugurates transcontinental telephone service.
1890 - United Mine Workers of America is founded
26 2004 - President Hamid Karzai signed the new constitution of Afghanistan.
2001 - A magnitude 7.9 earthquake rocked the Indian state of Gujarat, killing more than 20,000 people.
1993 - Vaclav Havel was elected president of the new Czech Republic.
1950 - Republican India born 1950 after 3 years gaining its independence from the United Kingdom
1945 - Soviets liberate Auschwitz
1918 - Ukraine declares its independence
1911 - Glenn Curtiss (1878 – 1930), flew the first seaplane from the water in the United States.
1905 - World's largest diamond found
1838 - Tennessee passes nation's first prohibition law, making it a misdemeanor to sell alcoholic beverages in taverns and stores.
1837 - Michigan became the 26th state in the U.S.
1788 - The first European settlers landed in Sydney, Australia.
1500 - Spanish explorer Vicente Y. Pinzon discovers Brazil
27 1973 - US-Vietnam Paris Peace Accords is signed
1967 - The Apollo I fire kills astronauts Grissom, White, and Chaffee during a simulated launch at Cape Canaveral.
1951 - First atomic detonates at the Nevada test site
1945 - The Russians liberates Auschwitz concentration camp, where the Nazis had killed over 1.5 million people, including over 1 million Jews.
1944 - Siege of Leningrad is lifted
1943 - First American bombs drops in Germany
1926 - John Logie Baird, a Scottish inventor, gives the first public demonstration of a true television system in London.
1899 - Jenatzy captures car-speed record: 49.932 mph
1880 - Thomas Edison is granted a patent for his incandescent light.
28 2002 - Verizon announces its first commercial 3G wireless service in the US.
1999- The creation of Element 114 "ununquadium " is announced by scientists.
1986 - U.S. shuttle Challenger explodes 72 seconds after lift off, killing all seven crew members aboard.
1973 - Vietnam war's cease-fire goes into effect.
1964 - Soviets shoot down U.S. jet.
1956 - Elvis' first TV appearance.
1915 - Congress passed legislation creating the U.S. Coast Guard.
1902 - Carnegie Institution established.
29 2002 - George W. Bush makes “Axis of Evil” in his first state of the union address to Congress.
2002 - Prime Minister Ilir Meta of Albania unexpectedly resigns his post.
1989 - Yugo files for bankruptcy.
1979 - Carter & Deng open new China-US relations
1901 - President McKenley is born in Ohio.
1886 - Karl Benz receives a patent ("Motorwagen") for the first successful gasoline-driven car.
1861 - Kansas became the 34th state in the U.S.
1843 - William McKinley (1843-1901) the 25th U.S. President (who was elected in 1896 and re-elected in 1900), was born in Niles, Ohio.
1761 - The birth of Albert Gallatin, who was appointed Secretary of the Treasury in January 1802 and remains the longest serving Secretary.
30 1972 - British troops opened fire on civil rights marchers in Northern Ireland, sparking the "Bloody Sunday" massacre.
1968 - North Vietnamese forces launched attacks 36 provincial capitals and 5 major cities in South Vietnam, including an attack on the U.S. Embassy in Saigon and the presidential palace, beginning the Tet offensive.
1933 - Adolf Hitler is named chancellor of Germany and went on to become the sole leader of Nazi Germany.
1948 - Gandhi assassinated in New Delhi.
1882 - President Franklin Delano Roosevelt is born in New York.
1649 - King Charles I of England was beheaded for treason.
31 1990 - First McDonald's is opened in Soviet Union.
1971 - NASA Apollo 14 departs for the moon.
1958 - The first U.S. earth satellite, Explorer I, is launched.
1943 - German troops surrendered at Stalingrad (90,000 taken prisoners forced to march to Siberia, with few ever returning to Germany), marking the first big defeat of Hitler's armies in World War 2.
1940 - The first social security check is issued to Ida Fuller for $22.54.
1939 - G. Burns sentenced for buying smuggled goods
1865 - The House of Representatives approves the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which abolished slavery in the U.S.
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